Query Functions

LogScale query functions take a set of events, parameters, or configurations. They produce, reduce, or modify values within that set, or in the events themselves within a query pipeline.

The Query Functions table is an alphabetical listing of all LogScale query functions:

Table: Query Functions

Function	Type	Default Argument	Availability	Description
`array:contains(array, value)`	array, data-manipulation, filter	`array`		Checks whether the given value matches any of the values of the array and excludes the event if no value matches.
`array:eval(array, [asArray], function, [var])`	array	`array`		Evaluates the function argument on all values in the array under the array argument overwriting the array.
`array:filter(array, function, var)`	array, data-manipulation, filter	`array`		Drops entries from the input array using the given filtering function.
`array:regex(array, [flags], regex)`	array, filter, regular-expression	`array`		Checks whether the given pattern matches any of the values of the array and excludes the event from the search result.
`asn([as], [field])`	network	`field`		Determines autonomous system number and organization associated.
`avg([as], field)`	aggregate, statistics	`field`		Calculates the average for a field of a set of events.
`base64Decode([as], [charset], field)`	parsing	`field`		Performs Base64 decoding of a field.
`bucket([buckets], [field], [function], [limit], [minSpan], [span], [timezone], [unit])`	aggregate	`span`		Extends the `groupBy()` function for grouping by time.
`callFunction([as], field, function)`	aggregate	`function`		Calls the named function on a field over a set of events.
`cidr([column], field, [file], [negate], [subnet])`	filter, network	`field`		Filters events using CIDR subnets.
`coalesce([as], expressions, [ignoreEmpty])`	data-manipulation	`expressions`		Selects the value of the first expression from a list of expressions
`collect(fields, [limit], [multival], [separator])`	aggregate	`fields`		Collects fields from multiple events into one event.
`communityId([as], destinationip, [destinationport], [icmpcode], [icmptype], proto, [seed], sourceip, [sourceport])`	network			Computes the Community ID, a standard for hashing network flows.
`concat([as], field)`	data-manipulation, string	`field`		Concatenates the values of a list of fields into a value in a new field.
`concatArray([as], field, [from], [prefix], [separator], [suffix], [to])`	array, data-manipulation, string	`field`		Concatenates values of all fields with same name and an array suffix into a new field.
`copyEvent(type)`	data-manipulation, event	`type`		Duplicates event so pipeline will see both events.
`count([as], [distinct], [field])`	aggregate, statistics	`field`		Counts given events.
`counterAsRate([as], field)`	aggregate	`field`		Calculates the rate for a counter field.
`createEvents(rawstring)`	aggregate-testing, event	`rawstring`		Generates temporary events as part of the query.
`default(field, [replaceEmpty], value)`	event, format	`value`		Creates a field to given parameter and given value.
`drop(fields)`	data-manipulation, event	`fields`		Removes attributes or columns from a result set.
`dropEvent()`	data-manipulation, event			Drops completely an event in parser pipeline to stop it from being ingested.
`end([as])`	time-date	`as`		Assign the end of the search time interval to the field provided by parameter `as`.
`eval()`	data-manipulation			Creates a new field by evaluating the provided expression.
`eventFieldCount([as])`	event			Computes number of fields event uses internally for the values.
`eventInternals([prefix])`	event			Add a set of fields describing the storage locations of this event.
`eventSize([as])`	event			Determines the number of bytes that this event uses internally for the values, not counting the bytes for storing the field names.
`fieldset()`	event			Retrieves a list of available fields.
`fieldstats([limit])`	aggregate, event			Retrieves stats about fields.
`findTimestamp([addErrors], [as], [field], [timezone], [timezoneAs])`	time-date			Finds timestamp in given field and parses, trying multiple timestamp formats.
`format([as], field, format, [timezone])`	data-manipulation, format	`format`		Formats a string using printf-style.
`formatDuration([as], field, [from], [precision])`	format, time-date	`field`		Formats a duration into a more readable string.
`formatTime(as, [field], format, [locale], [timezone])`	format	`format`		Formats a string according to `strftime()`.
`geohash([as], [lat], [lon], [precision])`	geolocation			Calculates a geohash value given two fields representing latitude and longitude.
`groupBy(field, [function], [limit])`	aggregate	`field`		Groups events by specified fields and executes aggregate functions on each group.
`hash([as], field, [limit], [seed])`	event, hash	`field`		Computes a non-cryptographic hash of a list of fields.
`hashMatch([bits], [field], [hash], input, [salt])`	security	`input`		Calculates a secure hash of a field and uses it to match events as a filter.
`hashRewrite([as], [bits], field, [hash], [replaceInRawstring], salt)`	security	`field`		Calculates a secure hash of a field for storing in the event.
`head([limit])`	aggregate	`limit`		Finds the oldest events.
`holtwinters([alpha], [beta], [gamma], period)`	aggregate	`period`	removed in 1.73.0	Used to generate a trendline for a periodic dataset.
`in(field, values)`	comparison, filter	`field`		Filters records by values where field is in given values.
`ioc:lookup([confidenceThreshold], field, [include], [prefix], [strict], type)`	security	`field`		Look up IOCs (Indicators of Compromise).
`ipLocation([as], [field])`	geolocation, network	`field`		Determines country, city, longitude, and latitude for given IP address.
`join([end], field, [include], [key], [limit], [live], [max], [mode], query, [repo], [start], [view])`	join	`query`		Join two LogScale searches.
`json:prettyPrint([as], [field], [step], [strict])`	data-manipulation, format	`field`		Nicer output to a JSON field.
`kvParse([as], [excludeEmpty], [field], [override], [separator], [separatorPadding])`	parsing	`field`		Key-value parse events.
`length([as], field)`	string	`field`		Computes the number of characters in a string field.
`linReg([prefix], x, y)`	aggregate			Computes linear relationship model between two variables using least-squares fitting.
`lower([as], field, [locale], [type])`	format	`field`		Changes text of a given string field to lower-case letters.
`lowercase(field, [include], [locale])`	data-manipulation, format, string	`field`		Changes field name or content to lowercase for parsers.
`match([column], field, file, [glob], [ignoreCase], [include], [mode], [strict])`	filter	`file`		Searches text using a CSV or JSON file and can enhance entries.
`math:abs([as], field)`	math	`field`		Calculates the absolute value of a field; the result is always a positive number or 0.
`math:arccos([as], field)`	math	`field`		Calculates the arc cosine of a field.
`math:arcsin([as], field)`	math	`field`		Calculates the arc sine of a field.
`math:arctan([as], field)`	math	`field`		Calculates the arc tangent of a value.
`math:arctan2([as], x, y)`	math			Calculates the arc tangent of a value.
`math:ceil([as], field)`	math	`field`		Rounds field value to smallest integer that's larger than or equal to it.
`math:cos([as], field)`	math	`field`		Calculates the cosine of a field.
`math:cosh([as], field)`	math			Computes the hyperbolic cosine of a double field.
`math:deg2rad([as], field)`	math	`field`		Converts angles from degrees to radians.
`math:exp([as], field)`	math	`field`		Calculates Euler's number e raised to the power of a double value in a field.
`math:expm1([as], field)`	math	`field`		Calculates the exponential value of a number minus 1.
`math:floor([as], field)`	math	`field`		Computes the largest integer value not greater than the field value given.
`math:log([as], field)`	math	`field`		Calculates the natural logarithm (base e) of the value in a double field.
`math:log10([as], field)`	math	`field`		Calculates the base 10 logarithm of a double field.
`math:log1p([as], field)`	math	`field`		Calculates the natural logarithm of the sum of field's value and 1.
`math:log2([as], field)`	math	`field`		Calculates the base 2 logarithm of a double field.
`math:mod([as], divisor, field)`	math	`field`		Calculates the floor modulus of field value and the divisor.
`math:pow([as], exponent, field)`	math	`field`		Calculates the field value to the exponent power.
`math:rad2deg([as], field)`	math	`field`		Converts angles from radians to degrees.
`math:sin([as], field)`	math	`field`		Calculates the sine of a field.
`math:sinh([as], field)`	math	`field`		Calculates the hyperbolic sine of a double field.
`math:sqrt([as], field)`	math	`field`		Calculates the rounded positive square root of a double field.
`math:tan([as], field)`	math	`field`		Calculates the trigonometric tangent of an angle in a field.
`math:tanh([as], field)`	math	`field`		Calculates the hyperbolic tangent of a field.
`max([as], field, [type])`	aggregate, statistics	`field`		Finds the largest number for the specified field over a set of events.
`min([as], field, [type])`	aggregate, statistics	`field`		Finds the smallest number for the specified field over a set of events.
`now([as])`	time-date	`as`		Assign the current time to the field provided by parameter `as`.
`parseCEF([field], [prefix])`	data-manipulation, parsing	`field`		Parses CEF version 0.x encoded messages.
`parseCsv(columns, [delimiter], [excludeEmpty], field, [trim])`	data-manipulation, parsing	`field`		Parses a CSV-encoded field into known columns.
`parseFixedWidth(columns, [field], [trim], widths)`	parsing	`field`		Parses a fixed width-encoded field into known columns.
`parseHexString([as], [charset], field)`	data-manipulation, math, parsing	`field`		Parses input from hex encoded bytes, decoding resulting bytes as a string.
`parseInt([as], [endian], field, [radix])`	math, parsing	`field`		Converts an integer from any radix or base to base-ten, decimal radix.
`parseJson([exclude], [excludeEmpty], field, [handleNull], [include], [prefix], [removePrefixes])`	data-manipulation, parsing	`field`		Parses specified fields as JSON.
`parseLEEF([delimiter], [field], [parsetime], [prefix], [timezone])`	data-manipulation, parsing	`field`		Parses LEEF version 1.0 and 2.0 encoded messages.
`parseTimestamp([addErrors], [as], [caseSensitive], field, [format], [timezone], [timezoneAs])`	parsing, time-date	`format`		Parses a string into a timestamp.
`parseUrl([as], [field])`	parsing	`field`		Extracts URL components from a field.
`parseXml(field, [prefix], [strict])`	parsing	`field`		Parses specified field as XML.
`percentile([accuracy], [as], field, [percentiles])`	aggregate, statistics	`field`		Finds one event with a field for each percentile specified.
`range([as], field)`	aggregate, statistics	`field`		Finds numeric range between smallest and largest numbers for field over a set of events.
`rdns([as], field, [server])`	aggregate, network	`field`		Events using RDNS lookup.
`regex([field], [flags], [limit], regex, [repeat], [strict])`	filter, regular-expression, string	`regex`		Extracts new fields using a regular expression.
`rename([as], field)`	data-manipulation, event	`field`		Renames one or more given fields.
`replace([as], [field], [flags], regex, [replacement], [with])`	data-manipulation, regular-expression, string	`regex`		Replaces each substring that matches given regular expression with given replacement.
`round([as], field, [how])`	math	`field`		Rounds an input field up or down, depending on which is nearest.
`sample([field], [percentage])`	filter, statistics	`percentage`		Samples the event stream.
`sankey(source, target, [weight])`	aggregate, data-manipulation, widget			Produces data compatible with Sankey widget.
`select(fields)`	event	`fields`		Used to specify a set of fields to select from each event.
`selectFromMax(field, include)`	aggregate	`field`		Selects event with the largest value for the specified field.
`selectFromMin(field, include)`	aggregate	`field`		Selects event with the smallest value for the specified field.
`selectLast(fields)`	aggregate	`fields`		Specify fields to select from events, keeping value of most recent event for each field.
`selfJoin([collect], field, [limit], [postfilter], [prefilter], [select], where)`	join	`field`		Used to collate data from events that share a key.
`selfJoinFilter(field, [prefilter], where)`	filter, join	`field`		Runs query to determine IDs, and then gets all events containing one of them.
`series(collect, [endmatch], [maxduration], [maxpause], [memlimit], [separator], [startmatch])`	aggregate, data-manipulation	`collect`		Collects a series of values for selected fields from multiple events into one or more events.
`session([function], [maxpause])`	aggregate, statistics	`function`		Collects events into sessions, and aggregates them.
`shannonEntropy([as], field)`	network	`field`		Calculates a entropy measure from a string of characters.
`sort([field], [limit], [order], [reverse], [type])`	aggregate	`field`		Sorts events by their fields.
`split([field], [strip])`	array, data-manipulation	`field`		Splits an event structure created by a JSON array into distinct events.
`splitString([as], by, [field], [index])`	array, data-manipulation, regular-expression, string	`field`		Splits a string by specifying a regular expression by which to split.
`start([as])`	time-date	`as`		Assign the start of the search time interval to the field provided by parameter `as`.
`stats([function])`	aggregate, statistics	`function`		Used to compute multiple aggregate functions over the input.
`stdDev([as], field)`	aggregate, statistics	`field`		Calculates the standard deviation for a field over a set of events.
`stripAnsiCodes([as], field)`	data-manipulation, string	`field`		Removes ANSI color codes and movement commands.
`subnet([as], bits, field)`	network	`field`		Computes a subnet from a IPV4 field.
`sum([as], field)`	aggregate	`field`		Calculates the sum for a field over a set of events.
`table(fields, [limit], [order], [reverse], [sortby], [type])`	aggregate, widget	`fields`		Used to create a widget to present the data in a table.
`tail([limit])`	aggregate	`limit`		Finds the newest events.
`test(expression)`	comparison, event, filter	`expression`		Evaluates boolean expression and filters events.
`time:dayOfMonth([as], [field], [timezone], [timezoneField])`	time-date	`field`		Gets the day of the month of a timestamp field.
`time:dayOfWeek([as], field, [timezone], [timezoneField])`	time-date	`field`		Gets day of week from 1 (Mon) to 7 (Sun) of a timestamp.
`time:dayOfWeekName([as], [field], [timezone], [timezoneField])`	time-date	`field`		Gets the English display name of day of the week of a timestamp field.
`time:dayOfYear([as], [field], [timezone], [timezoneField])`	time-date	`field`		Gets the day of the year of a timestamp field, from 1 to 365, or 366 in a leap year.
`time:hour([as], [field], [timezone], [timezoneField])`	time-date	`field`		Gets the hour (24-hour clock) of a timestamp field.
`time:millisecond([as], [field], [timezone], [timezoneField])`	time-date	`field`		Gets the millisecond of a timestamp field.
`time:minute([as], [field], [timezone], [timezoneField])`	time-date	`field`		Gets the minute value of a timestamp field.
`time:month([as], [field], [timezone], [timezoneField])`	time-date	`field`		Gets the month of a timestamp field (from 1 to 12).
`time:monthName([as], [field], [timezone], [timezoneField])`	time-date	`field`		Gets the English name of month of a timestamp field (for example, January).
`time:second([as], [field], [timezone], [timezoneField])`	time-date	`field`		Gets the second of a timestamp field.
`time:weekOfYear([as], [field], [timezone], [timezoneField])`	time-date	`field`		Gets the week number within a year of a timestamp, a value from 1 to 53.
`time:year([as], [field], [timezone], [timezoneField])`	time-date	`field`		Gets the year of a timestamp field.
`timeChart([buckets], [function], [limit], [minSpan], [series], [span], [timezone], [unit])`	aggregate, widget	`series`		Used to draw a linechart where the x-axis is time.
`tokenHash([as], field)`	hash, string	`field`		Calculates a structure hash which is equal for similarly structured input.
`top([as], [error], field, [limit], [max], [percent], [rest], [sum])`	aggregate	`field`		Finds the top results based on a given field.
`transpose([column], [header], [limit], [pivot])`	aggregate, data-manipulation	`pivot`		Transposes a query results set by creating an event for each attribute.
`unit:convert([as], [binary], field, [from], [keepUnit], [to], [unit])`	data-manipulation, math	`field`		Converts values between different units.
`upper([as], field, [locale])`	data-manipulation, format	`field`		Changes contents of a string field to upper-case letters.
`urlDecode([as], field)`	network	`field`		URL-decodes the contents of a string field.
`urlEncode([as], field, [type])`	data-manipulation, network	`field`		URL-encodes the contents of a string field.
`window([buckets], [function], [span])`	aggregate	`function`		Computes aggregate functions over a sliding window of data.
`worldMap([ip], [lat], [lon], [magnitude], [precision])`	aggregate, widget			Used to produce data compatible with the World Map widget.
`writeJson([as], [field])`	data-manipulation, format	`field`		Writes data, including fields, as a JSON object.
`xml:prettyPrint([as], field, [step], [strict], [width])`	data-manipulation	`field`		Nicer output to an XML field.